Shin splints can occur for a number of reasons, but they are most prevalent among athletes, particularly beginners. Runners, for instance, who are getting accustomed to long-distance marathons and adjusting to specialized shoes are highly susceptible to the condition. The term “shin splints” (also called tibia stress syndrome) is used to describe severe pain that strikes below the knees. The condition is not limited to athletes, but it’s usually associated with rigorous exercise, especially where the lower body receives most of the impact. It exists in various forms and symptoms can be anything from swelling caused by fluid build-up in the legs (compartment syndrome), to a partial crack in the lower leg (called a stress fracture).